In September most investment markets fell sharply. Investors were concerned about central bank action to combat persistent inflation, rising recession risk and European energy security uncertainty.

In August many investment markets experienced losses, exacerbated by a renewed commitment from Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell to continue raising interest rates to combat inflation, which may “bring some pain to households and businesses”.

In July markets rebounded strongly, recouping most of the losses that were incurred in June.

Investment markets endured a challenging month in June, capping off a difficult six months across all asset classes.

May was a tough month for most asset classes, particularly assets with “duration” or “growth” characteristics.